The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger
by Patricia Lysaght
Copyright © 1986 Patricia LysaghtBrown and black hair are referred to in only one
record each (Waterford 1 (L);Wexford 19 (Q)). These colours may have been avoided because
they would not be visible in the dark, the time when the death-messenger was commonly
believed to appear. They are atypical. More prominent is the colour grey. There are nine
records from east-Munster, Leinster and south-Ulster (Armagh 8; Cavan 1.14 (p. 463-4), 23;
Laois 11, 18; Tipperary 15, 10, 44; Westmeath 2). The tradition that the death-messenger
is white-haired is much more firmly established. There are 17 records in all (Carlow 1;
Cavan 31; Dublin 9; Kildare 8; Kilkenny 1,26; Laois 9, 21; Longford 29; Offaly 1;
Tipperary 17; Waterford 18, 28, 32,35; Wexford 54; Wicklow 14). This tradition has a wide
distribution and is especially prominent in Leinster. The grey and white colours are in
keeping with the image of an old woman, and they have associations with the realm of
death. Also human keeners would mainly be elderly women, with grey or white hair.
In view of the popularity of the traditions about the death-messengers hair it is
appropriate that the being should be thought to be engaged in combing it. The Comb Legend,
a migratory legend to be treated later, is connected with this activity. The combing is
also encountered in belief statements and memorates. In the orally-collected sources there
are 113 references to combing (Appendix 3.3 (d) p. 301) in addition to those found in
versions of the Comb Legend. Only two additional examples have been noted in
nineteenth-century literature - yet another illustration of how important aspects of folk
tradition have been overlooked by writers of fiction and how lack of literary reference
cannot be taken as evidence that a tradition was less prominent before organised folklore
collecting began. The combing belief can be numbered among those beliefs which are firmly
rooted in folk tradition. The belief has a marked regional distribution (Map 7). The
combing is more prominent in Leinster (62 examples) and parts of Munster (31 examples,
most of which stem from Tipperary and Waterford) than in Connaught and Ulster (10 examples
each). The tradition is limited to the area in which the being is believed to be seen as
well as heard but does not cover the whole of this area. There is a marked correlation
between the distribution of the combing belief and the belief that the
death-messengers hair is long. |